Magnetotaxis is the process by which certain bacteria sense magnetic fields and direct their movement. This behavior is facilitated by specialized intracellular structures called magnetosomes.

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University of Wisconsin - Madison

There are many environmental signals bacteria sense that influence their movement in the form of a taxis. These taxes are: 
- Phototaxis
- Magnetotaxis
- Chemotaxis

Taxis Influencing Bacterial Movement 

Magnetosomes are cytoplasmic inclusions found in magnetotactic bacteria, such as Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum. They consist of magnetic iron oxide or iron sulfide surrounded by a lipid layer, which allows the cells to align along a magnetic field to aid their movement.

Magnetosomes

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Magnetotaxis

Chemotaxis is the movement of a bacterium in response to chemical gradients. This process allows the cell to travel toward chemical attractants, such as nutrients, or away from repellents, such as harmful substances, by adjusting the lengths of its runs and tumbles.

Chemotaxis

Phototaxis is the directional movement of a bacterium in response to light stimulation.

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