Because individuals with diabetes do not produce adequate amounts of insulin, they must actively manage their blood sugar levels. This involves taking medications designed to either replace insulin or stimulate its production, as well as strictly controlling the amount of carbohydrates and sugars in their diet.

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Diabetes is a collection of diseases in which blood glucose levels (i.e., blood sugar) is too high. The most common types of diabetes are type II diabetes, type I diabetes, gestational diabetes, and prediabetes.



Diabetes

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Among 174 patients, the median age is 59 (age range: 49-67) and 76 out of 174 are men. Compared with patients without diabetes, patients with diabetes had more cardiovascular disease (32.4% vs 14.6%) and less fever (59.5% vs 83.2%), but had no significant differences in gender and age. Diabetes group has lower lymphocytes, red blood cells, and hemoglobin than non-diabetes group. These data showed that the COVID‐19 patients with diabetes are at higher risk of excessive uncontrolled inflammation responses and hypercoagulable state, which may contribute to a poorer prognosis of COVID‐19. Diabetes should be considered as a risk factor for a rapid progression and bad prognosis of COVID‐19. More intensive attention should be paid to patients with diabetes, in case of rapid deterioration

- Note: for more journal articles supporting this claim, please see the children of this node.

Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19

1 in every 10 people currently have diabetes, and over 1 in every 4 people have prediabetes. See Statistics about Diabetes | ADA for more details.

Diabetes | Prevalence and Life-Time Risk (IN-PROGRESS)

- Type II (80 - 90% of all cases)
- Type I (about 15% of all cases)
- Prediabetes (nor really diabetes but can lead to it)
- Gestational Diabetes

Types of Diabetes

- Diabetes is the leading cause of lower-limb amputations, adult blindness, and kidney failure in the US, according to the CDC.
- In USA, diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death, according to the ADA. 

Diabetes | Impact

- Weight loss can reverse Type II diabetes: https://youtu.be/0z03xkwFbw4
- Personalized diet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0z03xkwFbw4

Promising Research Areas

- American Addiction Centers
- American Diabetes Association
- Diabetes UK
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- Healthline Media
- NIH | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Diabetes References (IN-PROGRESS)

Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been shown to effectively treat depression in patients with diabetes, as well as improve their quality of life and glucose levels. More studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of MBCT on the physical health of patients with diabetes.

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Diabetes

The study was supposed to show the effect of a more integrative approach to people’s health care, both mental and physical. The results showed that those who received integrative care reported much higher scores on their PHQ – 9’s (Patient Healthcare Questionaire – 9) and A1C compared to those who were in the control group. through stratified analyses, it was also shown that A1c was greater in those who were female or older and received integrative care compared to those who were in the comparison group.

The effect of Integrating Primary Care Health Services on Diabetes and Depression: a Multi - site impact evaluation on the US - Mexico Border

The impact of chronic illnesses on mental health can be extremely negative. The mental health disorders that were being observed were depression, anxiety, or disordered eating. More than one-third of those who were screened were diagnosed with one of these three disorders. The types of screenings that patients were told to go through were Beck’s depression inventory, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders – 41 anxiety screens, and the eating disorder screen for primary care. 

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