The evidence of the main effects of genotype suggests a genetic influence on aggressive behavior. There is also evidence of a gene-environment interaction; MAOA-L is more predictive of aggression under high provocation than low provocation. 

MAOA gene and experiment results 

The findings challenge the view of humans as purely altruistic punishers. They support theories proposing mixed strategies for cooperation within the population and highlight the importance of genetic variability in influencing everyday behaviors and decision-making.

MAOA gene and experiments, findings and theories 

Aggression intensity and frequency increased as provocation levels were experimentally increased. The experiment involved subjects punishing percieved wrongdoers by administering hot/spicy sauce. 

University of Minnesota

No prior controlled experimental studies have tested if the MAOA gene directly drives aggressive behavior. 

MAOA gene and aggression 

McDermott, R.,  Tingley, D., &  Cowden, J. (2009a, February 17). Monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) predicts behavioral aggression following provocation. https://www.pnas.org/ 

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