According to the APA Ethics Code, which of the following is a necessary condition for justifying the use of intentional deception in a research study?

Match each condition required by the APA Ethics Code for justifying the use of deception in psychological research with its correct description.

A researcher wants to study the psychological effects of acute fear. They plan to deceive participants into believing there is an active life-threatening emergency in the laboratory to observe their immediate panic responses. According to the APA Ethics Code, this use of deception is ethically justifiable because the scientific value of the data collected would outweigh the temporary distress of the participants.

Arrange the following steps in the logical order a researcher must take to justify the use of deception under the APA Ethics Code, moving from the initial design check of necessity to the final ethical obligation to the participant.

According to the APA Ethics Code, researchers are permitted to wait until a study's results are published before disclosing any intentional deception to the participants.

According to the APA Ethics Code, which statement best explains the 'cost-benefit' logic required to justify the use of deception in psychological research?

A researcher proposes a study using deception to investigate social conformity, arguing that the scientific benefits are high and the risks are minimal. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) evaluates the proposal and determines it is ethically insufficient because the researcher has not yet demonstrated that the research question could not be feasibly answered using _____.