-  there is a mean age of 48.7 


- 70% are female


- 80% of the participants had private health insurance


- 70% owned their own home


- majority have obtained a university degree


- 92.6% of participants had experienced insomnia for longer than 5 years


- 96.4% of participants reported sleep maintenance insomnia


- 85% experienced early morning awakenings


-78% experienced sleep initiation insomnia.


MBTI: An Assessment of Treatment Effect in a Sleep Disorders Clinic Population with Insomnia: Participant Characteristics 

Individuals from a private sleep disorders clinic in Melbourne, Australia. These individuals were eighteen or older, meet the criteria for insomnia in DSM-IV-IR, and do not have untreatable mental illness, substance abuse/dependence, or dementia as indicated by DSM-IV.


University of Georgia

 The aim of Mindfulness-Based Therapy for Insomnia (MBTI) was to evaluate and investigate if MBTI could be successful in reducing symptoms of insomnia by examining:

- severity of insomnia in the sample


- subjective and objective sleep quality


- problematic sleep-related conditions


- hyper-arousal 


- daytime symptoms at baseline, end-of-treatment, and follow-up stages of MBTI

Purpose of Mindfulness and Behavior Therapy for Insomnia

Peters, A., Reece, J., Meaklim, H., Junge, M., Cunnington, D., Ong, J., . . . Greenwood, K. (2021). Mindfulness and Behaviour Therapy for Insomnia: An Assessment of Treatment Effect in a Sleep Disorders Clinic Population with Insomnia. Behaviour Change, 38(1), 25-39. doi:10.1017/bec.2020.18


Mindfulness and Behavior Therapy for for Insomnia: An Assessment of Treatment Effect in a Sleep Disorders Clinic Population with Insomnia

The participants were recruited through a referral from sleep physicians at the sleep disorders clinic and an advertisement in a newspaper. The image shows the recruitment, enrollment, and study flow of participants.The sample was narrowed down to 30 individuals.

-  Participants were screened by a sleep physician prior to entry


- The telephone screen was failed by some participants that were unable to regularly attend the 6-week MBTI intervention




MBTI:  An Assessment of Treatment Effect in a Sleep Disorders Clinic Population with Insomnia: Recruitment of Participants

Participants used a range of measures to assess their subjective sleep quality including Insomnia Severity Context (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Daily Sleep Log.

MBTI Outcome Measures: Subjective Sleep Quality

The hypothesis for this article was that the participants would score lower on insomnia severity, and higher on the objective and subjective sleep quality at the end-of-treatment and follow-up when compared with the baseline.

 Assessment of Treatment Effect in a Sleep Disorders Clinic Population with Insomnia: Hypothesis

MBTI Population

MBIs have not been shown to be more effective than the traditional intervention for insomnia, Cognitive-Based Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I). However, an advantage of utilizing MBIs over CBT-I is that it does not require the employment of sleep restriction, which can lead to residual sleepiness. Additionally, MBIs have a comparable or more effective outcome than many medications utilized to decrease the delay of sleep onset and increase sleep quality. It also removes the risk of side effects that may occur when taking these medications. 

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