Nursing students have experience with patient care in a clinical setting for hundreds and thousands of hours due to their education program. Therefore, states are allowing nursing students who are nearing graduation or recently graduated but have not passed their NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examination) exam. 
- Problems with Student Nurses Working Early

Nursing Students Working Before Graduation Policy 

There are policy changes around financial, technical, and regulations due to the COVID-19 policies. These changes will terminate with the public health emergency ending. 
- Financial Changes
- Technical Changes
- Changes in Regulations

Telemedicine Policies Changes Due to COVID-19 in the U.S.A

In early summer of 2020, 170 countries joined the World Health Organization’s efforts to develop and equitably distribute a covid-19 vaccine to the most vulnerable, a plan referred to as COVAX.  This is a joint project with the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Gavi, and the Vaccine Alliance.  Covax holds the largest portfolio of covid-19 vaccine candidates in the world.  

Covax: An International Vaccine Effort

- Nursing Students Working Before Graduation Policy
- Telemedicine Policies Changes Due to COVID-19 in the U.S.A
- Covax: An International Vaccine Effort

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- Economic Policies
- Education Policies
- Medical policies
- Policies by Countries
- Public Health Policies
- Social (and prevention) policies


Types of COVID-19 related policies

Countries have implemented multiple control strategies for reducing the spread of COVID-19, such as closing schools and businesses to enforce social distancing.

Struggle pertaining to controlling the virus:
The epidemiology of the respiratory virus changes rapidly. Reponses have to be nimble. Given that everyone is susceptible to for which we lack effective biologic interventions, the response has required large-scale behavior change, including social distancing and public masking.

Control Strategies for COVID-19

- Current lack of understanding of the prevalence and efficacy of antibodies in individuals exposed to both milder and more acute COVID
- If there is immunity from antibodies, the duration of immunity is unknown
- Subsequent inability to determine how much current herd immunity is in a population or is required to safely reopen economies 
- Present medical and public policy nuances and challenges associated with safe and effective development and distribution of a vaccine to populations

Key Public Health Considerations for COVID-19 Related Policy

- Germany
- Italy
- Russia
- South Korea
- Vietnam

COVID-19 Related Policies by Countries

- Global Economic Policies (High-Income Countries, NATO, EU)

- Global Economic Policies (Lower- and Middle-Income Countries)

- U.S. Economic Policies


Economic Policies in Response to COVID-19

Medical Policies in Response to COVID-19

Paul Cairney & Adam Wellstead (2021) COVID-19: effective policymaking depends on trust in experts, politicians, and the public, Policy Design and Practice, 4:1, 1-14, DOI: 10.1080/25741292.2020.1837466

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/25741292.2020.1837466?needAccess=true

COVID-19: effective policymaking depends on trust in experts, politicians, and the public

Social and prevention policies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic include social (physical) distancing, stay-at-home orders, limits on the maximum number of persons for group gatherings, mass testing, disinfectant protocols, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and international or national travel restrictions.

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