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Metaphors of the Rose, Rain, and Pistachio in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 45, Poem 13)
In Chapter 45, Poem 13 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, natural elements are personified through classic Persian metaphors. The spring rain is referred to as the cloud's 'rosewater' (گلاب) that the flower loves. The blossoming flower is likened to a 'laughing pistachio' (پسته خندان), a standard literary trope representing a small, sweet smiling mouth or a blooming bud bursting its shell. Furthermore, the morning breeze (باد صبا) is depicted as a perfumer scattering 'musk' on the flower, leaving it proud and intoxicated.
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Updated 2026-07-06
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course