References for microbiology

The field of Microbiology impacts society in many positive ways including the discovery and development of antimicrobials,  the use of bioremediation to clean the environment, phage therapy, food production, vaccine development, and genetic engineering.

Microbiology Contributions and it's Impact on Society

Key scientists and their research led to our understandings about the field of Microbiology.

Notable Scientists in Microbiology

What does the field of microbiology study?

Which of the following fields are encompassed by microbiology?

What types of organisms does microbiology study?

Which of the following best describes the scope of microbiology?

Microorganisms, or microbes, are small organisms that are generally too small to be seen without a microscope. They are highly abundant and can be found almost everywhere on Earth, from boiling thermal hot springs to deep beneath the Antarctic ice. While the vast majority of this invisible world remains unexplored, microbiologists continue to discover new ways in which microbes interact with the environment and humans.

Microbes

Microbial culturing is a laboratory procedure where a biological sample is placed in special dishes to encourage the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi. Because microorganisms require time to reproduce into sufficient quantities, it can take a while before they can be effectively detected and analyzed.

Microbial Culturing

As microbiology has developed, it has allowed the broader discipline of biology to grow and flourish in previously unimagined ways. Much of human knowledge concerning cells and their genetics is derived from an understanding of microbes, and many tools currently used to study cells originate from work with microorganisms.

Microbiology's Impact on Biology

While microbiology broadly encompasses the study of all microorganisms, microbiologists in practice typically specialize in one of several subfields. These major disciplines include bacteriology (bacteria), mycology (fungi), protozoology (protozoa), parasitology (helminths and other parasites), and virology (viruses). Immunology is also frequently included in microbiology because host-pathogen interactions are central to understanding infectious disease processes. Other areas of specialization include clinical, environmental, applied, and food microbiology.

Disciplines in microbiology

Microbiology studies and clinical practice must be guided by a core set of ethical principles to protect individuals and ensure scientific integrity. Key requirements include conducting studies with integrity, obtaining informed consent from participants, respecting patients' rights, maintaining accurate records, ensuring confidentiality, and communicating honestly. Additionally, all research procedures involving humans must be approved by an institutional review board, and protocols using animals must be cleared by an institutional animal care and use committee.

Ethical Principles in Microbiology Studies and Clinical Practice

The study of small organisms ranging from one cell to few cells to no cells at all. It encompasses fields such as virology, bacteriology, protistology, & mycology.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Austin Community College

Google

Biomedical Sciences focus on the biology of human health and disease and include disciplines:

- Biochemistry
- Health technology
- Human nutrition
- Human physiology
- Infectious diseases
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
- Developmental biology
- Immunology
- Haematology



Branches of Biomedical Sciences

- Anatomy
- Biology
- Biochemistry
- Biotechnology
- Botany
- Cellular biology
- Ecology
- Evolutionary biology
- Genetics
- Health Sciences
- Marine biology
- Microbiology
- Molecular biology
- Neuroscience
- Paleontology
- Phycology
- Physiology
- Taxonomy
- Virology
- Zoology

Branches of Life Science

Biology

Wikipedia

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. The diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from person to person. 

Infectious Disease

NIH-National Cancer Institute

- "Medical laboratory science professionals... assist physicians in patient diagnosis and treatment, as well as in disease monitoring or prevention (maintenance of health). We use sophisticated biomedical instrumentation and technology, computers, and methods requiring manual dexterity to perform laboratory testing on blood and body fluids. Laboratory testing encompasses such disciplines as clinical chemistry, hematology, immunology, immunohematology, microbiology, and molecular biology. Medical laboratory science professionals generate accurate laboratory data that are needed to aid in detecting cancer, heart attacks, diabetes, infectious mononucleosis, and identification of bacteria or viruses that cause infections, as well as in detecting drugs of abuse. In addition, we monitor testing quality and consult with other members of the healthcare team."
- Other MLS specialties include blood banking/transfusion medicine, flow cytometry, urinalysis, and molecular diagnostics

Medical Laboratory Science

Microbiology

The science concerned with the study of drugs and medication. It is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. 

Pharmacology

Deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and health. Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security or a poor understanding of nutrition and dietary practices.

Human Nutrition

The application of the knowledge of human functions and mechanisms to patients especially in a health care setting.

Human physiology

Developing and using devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems  to solve health problems and improve the quality of lives. This includes pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures, and organizational systems used in the healthcare, as well as computer-supported information systems (health informatics)

Health technology

The study of the chemistry involved in life processes to explain form and function based on chemical principles.

Biochemistry

The molecular structures and processes of cellular life and their roles in the function, reproduction, and development of living organisms.

- The Central Dogma of Life
- Cell Organelles

Molecular and Cellular Biology

The study of embryonic developmental and other development processes, including cell regeneration, metamorphosis, aging, and disease development.   

Developmental Biology

Study of immune systems in all organisms. Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functions of the immune system, including health and disease, malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders, and the physical, chemical, and physiological characteristics of the immune system. 

Immunology 

Study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases relating to blood.  This involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components.

Hematology (Haematology)

Evolutionary Biology studies the processes that produced the diversity of life on earth or study of the phylogenetic history of organisms on earth.

Evolutionary Biology

The scientific field of study of nervous system function and development. The human nervous system is comprised of the central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral  (nerves and ganglia branching from brain and spinal cord) nervous systems. These are referred to as the CNS and PNS, respectively.

Neuroscience (Neurobiology)

Ecology is a scientific discipline that focuses on interactions of living things in relation to their environment, and encourages understanding of the environment as our home.

Ecology

The study of the structure of living organisms.

Anatomy

The study of the use of living organisms to make products.

Biotechnology

Also called plant biology or plant science, this is the study of plants.

Botany (Phytology)

The study of the biology of organisms in oceans.

Marine biology

Phycology (Algology)

The study of functions in living organisms (how the organism works). 

Physiology

Zoology

Includes the interdisciplinary sciences that focuses on the study of health and health care in both practical applications and research. 

Health Sciences

The scientific field of study of traits and their passage from parents to offspring. Humans inherit 23 chromosomes from the father, and 23 from the mother. These 23 pairs of chromosomes consist of 22 autosomal chromosome pairs and one sex chromosome pair. The physical unit of inheritance is a gene, comprised of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) segments.

Genetics and Inheritance in Humans

All living things have the following characteristics: 
- Order
- Respond to Stimuli
- Reproduction
- Adaptation
- Growth & Development
- Homeostasis
- Energy Processing
- Evolution

Characteristics of Living Things

The human anatomy is comprised by many body systems, including:
* Nervous system
* Respiratory system
* Circulatory system
* Gastro-Intestinal (digestive) system
* Skeletal system
* Endocrine system
* Reproductive system
* Lymphatic system
* Immune system

Human Anatomy

The study of biological timing or "clocks" in living organisms.

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