• thought to begin with Buzan (1974)
• use "…line thickness, colors, pictures, and diagrams to aid knowledge recollection"

Recommendations made by Buzan when creating mind maps

"1- Place an image or topic in the center using at least 3 colors

2- Use images, symbols, codes, and dimensions throughout your Mind Map.

3- Select keywords and print using upper or lower case letters.

4- Each word/image is alone and sitting on its own line.

5- Connect the lines starting from the central image. The central lines are thicker, organic and flowing, becoming thinner as they radiate out from the center.

6- Make the lines the same length as the word/image.

7- Use colors—your own code—throughout the Mind Map.

8- Develop your own personal style of Mind Mapping.

9- Use emphasis and show associations in your Mind Map.

10- Keep the Mind Map clear by using radial hierarchy, numerical order or outlines to embrace your branches."