Most studies on the effect of sleep on false memories employed the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm.

• In 2009, Fenn et al. reported that participants who slept between the original presentation and the recognition test recognized fewer lures (performed better).
• Also in 2009, Payne et al. used the same paradigm and tested recall. They found that the group with overnight retention recalled the lures more often than the group that was tested the same day.
• Regarding misinformation, studies have shown that sleep deprived people are more likely to fall for misleading questions.