Niccolai, Valentina & Jennes, Janina & Stoerig, Petra & van Leeuwen, Tessa. (2012). Modality and Variability of Synesthetic Experience. The American journal of psychology. 125. 81-94.

Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221721139_Modality_and_Variability_of_Synesthetic_Experience/download?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QiLCJwYWdlIjoiX2RpcmVjdCJ9fQ

Jackson State University

There are many different types of synesthesia that incorporates two or more of the five senses (sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch). Additionally there are some types of synesthesia that utilizes spatial awareness and time.

Types of Synesthesia

Modality and Variability of Synesthetic Experience.

LIST OF SYNESTHESIA TYPES BY PREVALENCE. (2024, August 8). The Synesthesia Tree. https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/04/list-of-synesthesia-types-by-prevalence.html

Synesthesia Tree

Grapheme-color synesthesia is described as a synesthete perceives a color when they see a number or a letter. This is the most common type of synesthesia with 64.4% of all synesthetes experiencing it. 

To test this, Baron-Cohen created the synesthesia battery test (aka "The Battery") where a person would choose a specific color from 16.7 million options and the amount of times that color is chosen consistently determines the genuineness of the synesthesia. A score less than one indicates a person with synesthesia.

These synesthetes have been found to have an enhanced working memory and episodic memory through Rothen, Ward, and Seth's study in 2018. Additionally, these synesthetes have been shown to discriminate between colors very well.

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