The interaction between learner and content takes place when learners gain content knowledge through one or more forms of media such as tutorials, CD-ROMs, or web-based courses

learner–content interaction

The learner–instructor interaction happens when an instructor delivers content knowledge, provides appropriate scaffolding, clarifies misunderstanding, and increases student motivation.

learner–instructor interaction

The learner–learner interaction occurs when learners in different geographical areas interact with each other to achieve a certain goal.

learner–learner interaction

This framework, focusing on learning events, includes three types of interaction: (a) learner–content interaction, (b) learner–instructor interaction, and (c) learner–learner interaction.

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-  how learners perceive psychological distance
-  what are the factors affecting learners’ perceptions of psychological distance
-  how learners’ perceptions of distance affect their learning
-  what are the effective strategies to minimize psychological distance

Psychological Aspects of Distance

Moore, M. G. (1989). Editorial: Three types of interaction. American Journal of Distance Education, 3(2), 1-7. doi:10.1080/08923648909526659

Three Types of Interaction

Moore’s three types of interaction

Transactional distance is a learner’s perception of psychological and communication gaps caused by a physical separation from instructor and other learners. It is a continuous and relative construct determined by amounts of dialogue and structure. For example, when there are higher amounts of dialogue and less structure, a distance learner is likely to perceive a smaller degree of transactional distance. 

Transactional Distance Theory (Moore, 1991)

(a) course structure, (b) emotional support, and (c) communication medium.

Three most critical factors associated with student perceptions of satisfaction, collaborative learning, and social presence

An affective learning outcome indicating the degree of: (a) learner reaction to values and quality of learning, and (b) motivation for learning.

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