- Provide both opposing sides to argument in question 
- usually use "or"

Question Type: Forced Choice 

- Questions force participant to respond in terms of "absolute frequencies" 
- recommended number of categories in a scale is between 5-9  

Ordered response categories or scales

- Agree/Disagree
- Forced Choice
- Ordered response categories or scales

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Respondent is given a limited number of possible answer options.

Close-ended Questions

Martin, Elizabeth K.(2005). Survey Questionnaire Construction.
3-s2.0-B0123693985004333-main.pdf

Survey Questionnaire Construction

Most common type of Close-ended Questions

A rating scale is an ordered set of response options provided for participants to choose from. It is typically used in closed-ended questionnaire items to measure quantitative variables, with common formats offering between three to eleven options.

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