- Questions force participant to respond in terms of "absolute frequencies" 
- recommended number of categories in a scale is between 5-9  

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- Agree/Disagree
- Forced Choice
- Ordered response categories or scales

Most common type of Close-ended Questions

Martin, Elizabeth K.(2005). Survey Questionnaire Construction.
3-s2.0-B0123693985004333-main.pdf

- Provide both opposing sides to argument in question 
- usually use "or"