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Multiple-Baseline Design Across Settings Example
An example of a multiple-baseline design across settings involves measuring the amount of time a child spends reading during free time in two different environments: at school and at home. After establishing baselines in both settings, a treatment such as positive attention is introduced first at school and later at home. A change in reading behavior corresponding to the introduction of the treatment in each respective setting indicates that the treatment is responsible for the change.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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What is the primary characteristic of a multiple-baseline design across settings?
Arrange the procedural steps of a multiple-baseline design across settings in the correct chronological order.
A researcher implements a study to reduce a student's disruptive behavior in three different settings: the cafeteria, the gym, and the hallway. They stagger the introduction of a new intervention so that it starts in the cafeteria on Day 5, the gym on Day 10, and the hallway on Day 15. If the student’s behavior improves significantly in all three settings on Day 5, this result provides strong evidence that the intervention was the specific cause of the behavioral change in each environment.
A researcher is using a multiple-baseline design across settings to evaluate a participant's behavior. Match each potential data observation with the logical conclusion the researcher would reach when analyzing the study's validity.
You are developing a research protocol to test whether a 'self-reinforcement' strategy reduces a participant's off-task behavior in three distinct settings: a quiet study hall, a noisy cafeteria, and a busy library. Which of the following experimental structures should you construct to most effectively demonstrate that the strategy—rather than a general increase in the participant's motivation—is responsible for any observed changes across these environments?
Multiple-Baseline Design Across Settings Example
A multiple-baseline design across settings involves measuring the target behavior of multiple different participants in a single environment to establish their baseline levels, and then staggering the treatment for each participant.
A multiple-baseline design across settings involves measuring a single participant's behavior across multiple different environments to establish baselines, and then introducing the treatment in each environment at _____ times.
A researcher is evaluating a study that used a multiple-baseline design across settings to reduce a participant's anxiety. The researcher finds that the participant's anxiety levels dropped in all three environments simultaneously as soon as the treatment was introduced in the first setting. In critiquing the study's internal validity, the researcher would conclude that the design failed to demonstrate sufficient _____.
In a multiple-baseline design across settings, a researcher measures a single participant's behavior across different environments. Match each observation or procedure with its corresponding analytical implication for the study's internal validity.
A researcher evaluates the effectiveness of a positive attention intervention on a child's reading behavior across two environments: school free time and home free time. Order the procedural steps chronologically to evaluate the treatment's impact while ruling out setting-specific confounding variables.
Describe the procedural steps of a multiple-baseline design across settings and explain how this design helps researchers establish that a treatment is responsible for a behavioral shift.
Based on your understanding of a multiple-baseline design across settings, how should the researcher apply the bitter-tasting polish intervention across the workplace, car, and living room? What specific pattern of results would demonstrate that the polish is responsible for the reduction in nail-biting?
You are designing a study to increase a student's on-task behavior using positive attention. If you are utilizing a multiple-baseline design across settings, what is the specific methodological advantage of introducing the positive attention at school first, and then waiting to introduce it at home at a later time?
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Arrange the steps of a multiple-baseline design across settings, using the example of a child's reading behavior at school and at home, in the correct chronological order.
In a multiple-baseline design across settings—such as measuring a child's reading time at school and at home—what is the primary reason for staggering the introduction of the treatment (e.g., positive attention)?
A researcher is using a multiple-baseline design across settings to increase a child's reading time. Match each component of the study to the specific scenario that illustrates it.
In a multiple-baseline design across school and home settings, if a child's reading behavior increases in both settings simultaneously as soon as the treatment is introduced at school (but before it is introduced at home), the researcher cannot conclude that the treatment was the specific cause of the change.
Suppose a researcher uses a multiple-baseline design to evaluate if positive attention increases a child's reading at school and at home. If the reading behavior at home increases during the baseline phase (before the treatment is introduced there), the researcher must evaluate the study as having low ________ validity.
Suppose a researcher measures a child's reading time in two settings—school and home—and establishes a baseline for both. They then introduce a treatment first at school and later at home. If the reading time in both settings increases immediately after the treatment is introduced at school, but before it is introduced at home, the researcher has demonstrated that the treatment is responsible for the change in both settings.
A researcher uses a multiple-baseline design across settings (school and home) to evaluate if positive attention increases a child's reading time. Match each hypothetical data pattern with the most appropriate scientific conclusion regarding the study's internal validity.
A researcher wants to determine whether positive attention increases a child's reading during free time. The researcher measures the child's reading time in two settings—school and home—and establishes a baseline in both. Positive attention is then introduced first at school and later at home. What pattern of results would indicate that the positive attention treatment is responsible for the change in reading behavior?
A researcher wants to evaluate if positive attention increases a child's reading time at school and at home using a staggered introduction. Arrange the following steps in the correct chronological order to demonstrate this experimental process.
In a multiple-baseline design across settings (school and home), the observation that reading behavior in the home setting remains unchanged until the intervention is specifically applied there is used to _____ the conclusion that the treatment is the actual cause of the behavior change.
Describe the basic procedure of a multiple-baseline design across settings, using the example of measuring a child's reading behavior at school and at home. How does this design demonstrate that the treatment is responsible for any observed behavioral changes?
Based on the principles of a multiple-baseline design across settings, what specific pattern of data across Week 3 and Week 4 would allow the researcher to comprehend that the positive attention treatment—and not an external confounding variable—is driving the change in reading behavior?
A behavioral scientist applies a multiple-baseline design across settings to evaluate an intervention meant to increase a child's academic engagement. In the specific example of measuring a child's free-time reading at school and at home using positive attention, identify both the dependent variable and the independent variable.