Concept

Multiplication Notation in Algebra

In algebra, the cross symbol (×\times) is generally not used for multiplication because it can easily be confused with the variable letter xx. For instance, the expression 3xy3xy could be misread as 3×y3 \times y (meaning "three times yy") rather than its intended meaning of 3xy3 \cdot x \cdot y (meaning "three times xx times yy"). To avoid this ambiguity, algebraic multiplication is instead indicated by a raised dot (\cdot), by juxtaposition — writing factors side by side with no symbol, as in abab — or by enclosing one or both factors in parentheses, such as (a)(b)(a)(b), (a)b(a)b, or a(b)a(b). One notable exception is scientific notation, where the cross symbol ×\times is customarily used as the multiplication sign — for example, 3.7×1043.7 \times 10^4 — even though it is avoided elsewhere in algebra.

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Updated 2026-04-21

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