Concept

Mystical Bewilderment and the Transcendence of Faith and Infidelity in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 9, Poem 33)

In Chapter 9, Poem 33 of Farid al-Din Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet illustrates the profound state of mystical bewilderment (حیرانی), wherein the spiritual seeker transcends all conventional dualities. By declaring a state of having 'neither infidelity nor faith' (نه کفر و نه ایمانی), Attar emphasizes that the ultimate experience of the divine obliterates ordinary religious boundaries and intellectual categories. The seeker becomes a 'wanderer in confusion' (سرگردانی) and loses all sense of self-direction, symbolizing complete ego annihilation and absolute surrender to the ineffable reality of love.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course