Compliance is measured in terms of the duration of time it takes the individual to respond to the command and whether the response is appropriate. A reasonable period of initiation of compliance occurs in a range of five to 15 seconds.

Measuring Compliance

During chilldhood, noncompliance is the result of a biddirectional interactional process between the child and parent

Noncompliant Behavior is not a Stand-Alone Behavior


- unhealthy attachment
- high in temperamental reactivity
- maternal stress during pregnancy


Risk Factors Related to Noncompliance During Childhood

- secure attachment
- low temperamental reactivity
- praise
- positive discipline (including nonverbal responses)
- COMT Met allleles 

Protective Factors Against Noncompliance During Childhood

- Passive (ignoring)
- Active (explicitly resisting)

Passive Versus Active Noncompliance

Noncompliance occurs when the individual displays an adverse response to a given command outside the appropriate range of time.

Arizona State University

- Noncompliance/ defiant behavior 
- Antisocial/ delinquent behavior (age dependent)
- Agressive
- Argumentative/ irritable
- Callous-unemotional traits
- Externalizing and/or internalizing behavior
- Attentional difficulties
- Impulsivity
- Vindictiveness



General Behaviors Associated with ODD


Compliance is the act of going along with a request or demand, even if one privately disagrees with it. For example, changing a public vote to match peers while secretly holding a different preference is an instance of compliance. It often manifests as a specific form of conformity.

Compliance

Matthys, & Lochman, J. E. (2017). Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood (2nd ed.). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118972519

Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder in Childhood

- Proactive or reactive:
- Physical
- Emotional 
- Verbal


Variations of Aggression

Operationalizing Noncompliance 

Boys are more likely to dislay higher levels of oppositional behavior during normative development than girls. These gender gaps close as individuals mature. 

Gender and Oppositional Behavior 

The callous-unemotional (CU) factor can be described as impulsivity, deviance, and inflated self-importance. CU factor can also be described as a lack of concern for others’ feelings, disregard for responsibilities, insincerity, lacking guilt, lying, and shallow behavior. 

Callous-Unemotional Factor

In Asch's conformity experiments, participants demonstrated compliance by publicly giving incorrect answers to align with the group majority. However, privately, they did not accept that these obviously wrong answers were correct.

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