Concept

Opposition to the Lower Self as the Path to Continuous Muraqaba in Jami's Haft Awrang (Section 32)

In Section 32 of Jami's Haft Awrang, the poet references the teachings of Khwaja Baha' al-Din Naqshband regarding the difficulty of sustaining continuous spiritual contemplation (muraqaba). While continuous vigilance over the heart is rare and exceptionally difficult to maintain, Naqshband presents a practical methodology for its attainment: opposing the lower self and egoistic desires (khilaf-e hava). Jami explains that by actively resisting personal whims, the spiritual seeker is liberated from the multitude of distracting worldly thoughts, enabling them to focus steadfastly on a single divine thought and reside within the sanctuary of ultimate fidelity.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course