In the junk food calorie estimation study, what is the computed $t$ score for the independent-samples $t$-test comparing frequent and rare junk food eaters?

In the junk food calorie estimation study, the researcher chose a two-tailed test because prior theory clearly predicted that frequent junk food eaters would underestimate calories relative to rare eaters.

Match each statistical element from the junk food calorie estimation study to its role in the independent-samples $t$-test decision-making process.

In the calorie estimation study, the researcher compares frequent junk food eaters ($M = 168.12$) and rare junk food eaters ($M = 220.71$). Based on the rejection of the null hypothesis and these sample means, the researcher concludes that individuals who regularly eat junk food significantly _____ calories compared to those who rarely eat it.

Order the steps a researcher takes in this study to evaluate the hypothesis and conclude whether frequent junk food eaters estimate calories differently than rare eaters.

In the junk food calorie estimation study, what was the degrees of freedom ($df$) for the combined sample of $15$ participants?

Explain the statistical reasoning behind the decision to reject the null hypothesis in the junk food calorie estimation study. In your explanation, detail how the computed $t$ score compares to the critical value and how the $p$-value relates to the alpha level.

Based on this scenario, write a brief, professional conclusion interpreting the statistical results. State whether the researcher should reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis, and explain what this means in terms of the calorie estimates of frequent vs. rare junk food eaters.

Explain how the degrees of freedom ($df = 13$) were calculated in this independent-samples $t$-test. Your explanation should link the final value to the sample sizes of the two groups.