At two different time intervals, participants were asked how they perceived friendly and unfriendly political misinformation.

• At Time 1, the researchers asked participants about their emotions towards misbeliefs that many people believed to be true, which demonstrated a mark of truthfulness to the claim. Whether the participants felt more validated or more dissonance to the misbeliefs was observed.
• At Time 2, participants rated how truthful they personally found the political misinformation to be. Afterwards, feelings of validation or dissonance was observed among the participants.