Tinazzi, M., Del Vesco, C., Fincati, E., Ottaviani, S., Smania, N., Moretto, G., Fiaschi, A., Martino, D., Defazio, G. (2006) Pain and motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology Neurosurg Psychiatry, Volume 77, pages 822-825

Pain and motor complications in Parkinson's disease

285 different pains were reported by the 123 patients. The results indicated that level of pain and number of symptoms are unrelated to age, stage, disease duration, or MMSE. No significant difference between the severity of nociceptive pain. The experienced pains were mostly from limbs.

Case study of Parkinson's patients

Chronic Subthalamic nucleus (STN) Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) was applied on 40 patients with Parkinson's disease with mean age of 59. The pain was reduced by 84.2% a year after chronic STN (Preoperative = 1.7; Postoperative = 0.3). The outcome is sufficient for reducing the pain of the patients. However, the the multiple sources of pain are still not completely understood. Thus, it requires further investigation and attempts to operate this method on all Parkinson's disease patients.

Potential Treatment of Reducing Pain in Parkinson's Disease Patients

A significant association of pain with motor complications, but no correlation between dystonic and non dystonic pain. Pain may be a representative feature of Parkinson’s disease frequently associated with motor complications. The association is independent of a number of potentially relevant demographic and clinical variables.

University of California, Berkeley

Pain is an unpleasant experience that encompasses both physical sensations and psychological elements.

Experience of pain

Experience of pain library

There are crossmodal interactions between somatic stimuli and visual stimuli. Studies in humans have found that there is a privilaged interaction between the two, and that stimuli selectively activate the nervous system involved in transmitting sensory events that could inflict damage to the body. Visual information allows for recognition of stimuli in an external space to give prior warning or multiple avenues to gather information about pain.

Pain and Visual information

Pain Perception in Parkinson's Disease

Using your understanding that pain is both a physical and psychological experience, analyze why the athlete and their friend had such different immediate experiences of pain despite having the same physical injury.

Analyzing Pain Perception

The sensation of pain serves a crucial adaptive role by alerting an individual to injury. It motivates behavior to move away from the source of harm and encourages protective actions, such as being more gentle with an injured area, to prevent further damage and facilitate healing.

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