- Voluntary, top-down control of attention in monkeys 
- "...Activity of LIP neurons is correlated with the direction of attention to particular locations, and it is enhanced regardless of whether the attention is directed toward visual or auditory targets (Bisley and Goldberg, 2003; J. Gottlieb, 2007)" (Breedlove & Watson, 2017). 
- LIP encodes a salience map (Bisley & Goldberg, 2006; Ipata et al., 2006)
- Ventral LIP - direct attention; dorsal LIP- eye movement planning 

Lateral Intraparietal Area (LIP) 

- Function: Controlling attention 
- According to Wurtz et al., 1982, more parietal cells fire when monkeys engage in covert attention. 

Washtenaw Community College

New York University

- Superior colliculus
- Pulvinar
- Lateral intraparietal area (LIP)
- Intraparietal sulcus (IPS)
- Frontal Eye Field
- Temporoparietal junction
- Voluntary control of attention
- Reflexive attention

A Network of Brain Sites Creates and Directs Attention

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

- Shifts of attention from within 
- Conscious
- Top-Down 
- Attention toward our interests and goals 


Voluntary Attention 

Parietal Cortex 

- Located in the midbrain 
- Visual perception through overt attention
- Damage to this structure: diminished inhibition of return
- "...The superior colliculus may therefore help us avoid repeatedly returning to previously attended locations..." (Breedlove & Watson, 2017, 588). 

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