- Bottom-up
- Unconscious 
- "...Attention is being captured and controlled by sensory inputs from lower levels of the nervous system, rather than being the result of voluntary, conscious cognitive control by the forebrain" (Breedlove & Watson, 2017). 

Reflexive Attention 

What is the difference between overt and voluntary atttention?

Question about Overt and Voluntary Attention 

I am wondering how voluntary attention may function differently in ADHD. This chapter didn't talk about learning differences as much as I'd like. 

ADHD and voluntary attention 

- Shifts of attention from within 
- Conscious
- Top-Down 
- Attention toward our interests and goals 


New York University

Washtenaw Community College

- Superior colliculus
- Pulvinar
- Lateral intraparietal area (LIP)
- Intraparietal sulcus (IPS)
- Frontal Eye Field
- Temporoparietal junction
- Voluntary control of attention
- Reflexive attention

A Network of Brain Sites Creates and Directs Attention

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Voluntary Attention 

- Function: Controlling attention 
- According to Wurtz et al., 1982, more parietal cells fire when monkeys engage in covert attention. 

Parietal Cortex 

- Located in the midbrain 
- Visual perception through overt attention
- Damage to this structure: diminished inhibition of return
- "...The superior colliculus may therefore help us avoid repeatedly returning to previously attended locations..." (Breedlove & Watson, 2017, 588). 

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