The pathogen *Streptococcus pyogenes*, which causes strep throat and other infections, establishes colonization by binding to fibronectin in the extracellular matrix of epithelial cells lining the upper throat (oropharynx).

*Streptococcus pyogenes* Attachment to Fibronectin

The extracellular matrix of host cells serves as a common site where microbial pathogens attach themselves to initiate and establish an infection.

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Eukaryotic cells that lack a cell wall, such as animal cells and certain protozoans, secrete a sticky mixture of carbohydrates and proteins into the intercellular spaces to form an extracellular matrix. This matrix provides shape maintenance and structural stability, consisting of a protein-based basement membrane, a bulky mass of proteoglycans, and strength-providing collagen fibers, all of which are linked via fibronectins to membrane-spanning integrin proteins.

Eukaryotic Extracellular Matrix

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix performs critical physiological roles by enabling cells within tissues to withstand external physical stresses and by transmitting chemical and mechanical signals from the extracellular environment to the cell interior.

Functions of the Eukaryotic Extracellular Matrix

The extracellular matrix is highly abundant in various connective tissues, and differences in its molecular composition and structure give distinct physical properties to different types of tissues.

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