Positive emotions refer to general experiences of happiness and satisfaction with one's life. This element of the PERMA model can only be measured subjectively.

Positive Emotions in PERMA Model

Engagement refers to one's ability to enter into a "flow state" while performing a task or activity, or to lose one's self in the task and feel absorbed in the activity. Engagement can only be measured subjectively. 

Engagement in PERMA Model

Relationships refer to the presence of close, positive relationships or associations in one's life with those around them. The Relationship element of PERMA can be measured both through one's report of their relationships and by others' assessments.

Relationships in PERMA Model

Meaning refers to serving something or belonging to something larger than one's self. Meaning can be measured both subjectively and as judged by others. 

Meaning in PERMA Model

Accomplishments refer to one's achievements, successes, or masteries in any given field. Accomplishments can be measured objectively based on demonstrated achievements.

Accomplishments in PERMA Model

Five main components:
- Positive Emotions
- Engagement
- Relationships
- Meaning
- Accomplishments

New York University

Research on psychological well-being in recent years has focused on the factors that constitute optimal levels of human flourishing and their relationship to physical health, work performance, social relationships, and a range of other outcomes. Mechanisms of self-regulation such as psychotherapy, positive psychology interventions, and contemplative practices have been studied in relation to changes in well-being.

Psychological Well-being

In response to a perceived absence of any unifying framework that clarifies the dimensions of human flourishing that can be actively cultivated, researchers identified four core dimensions that are central to the subjective experience of well-being. The practice of these four dimensions can be strengthened through training. 

1. Awareness 
2. Connection 
3. Insight 
4. Purpose 

Four Dimensions of Well-being 

PERMA Model of Wellness

Three main components:
- Life satisfaction
- Positive affect
- Negative affect

Diener's Model of Subjective Well-Being 

Happiness is conceptualized as an enduring state of mind, often called subjective well-being, that goes beyond temporary positive moods. It encompasses two key aspects: experiencing pleasure and positive emotions in daily life, and a deeper sense of fulfillment derived from using one's skills and talents to enrich both their own life and the lives of others.

Happiness

Positive psychological attributes that foster well-being are connected to favorable physical health outcomes, such as improved cardiovascular health. This link is primarily mediated through biological functions and health-promoting behaviors like diet, physical activity, and sleep quality.

Link Between Psychological Well-being and Physical Health

Several key attributes are recognized for their role in fostering psychological well-being. These include having a sense of meaning and purpose in life, experiencing a sense of autonomy, cultivating positive emotions, and achieving satisfaction with life.

Qualities Promoting Psychological Well-being

Read the following scenario. Analyze the distinct factors contributing to the individual's high level of psychological well-being, explaining how each element supports a flourishing life.

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