- User-Driven Customization
- User-Created Alerts and Interest Profiles
- Creating Profiles from Explicit Relevance Judgements
- Modifying Machine-Built Profiles
- Explicit Group Recommendations
- Collaborative Filtering
- Item-Based Collective Recommendations

Types of Personalization Based on Explicit Preferences

Personalization based on information expressly supplied by users is covered in this section, which includes Website customisation, manual profile construction, profile creation via explicit relevance judgments, and collaborative filtering.

Indiana University

Personalization in search means that search results should take into account the reality that people's demands, goals, and tastes differ.

Personalization in Search

Hearst, M. A. (2009). Search user interfaces. Cambridge University Press. [https://searchuserinterfaces.com/book/]

Search User Interfaces

Personalization Based on Explicit Preferences

Personalization strategies that utilize the information implicit in users' activities as they go about their information-seeking tasks are addressed in this section.

Personalization based on Implicit Relevance Cues

Personal information assistants (agents) are described in this section, which engage the user more interactively and mix explicit and implicit relevant information.

Combining Explicit and Implicit Info

Desktop search is sometimes used to describe personal information search, however because personal information is spread across multiple workstations and services, the phrase personal information management is more generally used today to describe this broader scope of use.

Searching Over Personal Information

- Can be predicted by consumers’ need for uniqueness (CNFU) 
- People with more creative choice are more likely to pay attention to WPA

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