The storage of short-term verbal and auditory memory. Lasts for a few seconds and has a limited capacity.

the phonological store

Controls rehearsal which has the ability to keep auditory and verbal information in short term memory for extended periods of time.

articulatory rehearsal process

Words and phrases that sound similar are often confused for one another.

phonological similarity effect

Memory for short words is typically better than it for long words.

Word length effect

When repeating irrelevant sounds interferes with speaking

Articulatory suppression 

The portion of working memory that is in charge of verbal and auditory information. Made up of:
- the phonological store
- articulatory rehearsal process

Responsible for effects such as:
- the phonological similarity effect
- the word length effect
- articulatory suppression 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

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- The phonological loop
- Visuospatial sketch pad
- The central executive 
- Episodic buffer

Parts of working memory (Baddeley's model)

Goldstein, E. B. (2014). Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research and everyday experience. Nelson Education.


Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research and everyday experience

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Phonological loop

Holds visual and spatial information (representations). When imagining a scene, solving a puzzle or navigating through familiar territory, the sketch pad is being used.
It controls processes such as:
- visual imagery
- mental rotation

Visuospatial sketch pad

The central executive is the control center of working memory that supervises or controls the flow of information to and from the three short-term systems (the visuospatial sketchpad, the episodic buffer, and the phonological loop). It coordinates activities, decides where to direct attention, and is responsible for moving information into long-term memory.

Central executive

Provides extra storage and can send things to long term memory. It helps explain how people can combine their long term memory with recently processed stimuli to remember more complex things (often associated with chunking).

Episodic buffer

________ is a memory store with a phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and a central executive.

A) Sensory memory
B) Working memory
C) Long-term memory
D) Short-term memory

**Correct Answer:** B) Working memory

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