Sounds have measurable characteristics that can indicate how effective a sound will be at creating a desired effect. A technique that portrays these characteristics is called sound visualization. On a graph, the x-axis portrays one characteristic (such as time) and the y-axis portrays another characteristic (such as amplitude). In some cases, a characteristic is graphed using only a single axis.

These guidelines describe how sound can be visualized as a function of time, frequency (how high-pitched or low-pitched a sound is), or timbre (the character of a sound).

* Time
* Frequency
* Timbre

Representing Sound

Sound is caused by oscillation caused by a vibrating object

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- How hearing functions in the ear
- Auditory signals
- Hearing loss
- Vestibular perception
- Vestibular system

Hearing and Vestibular perception

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Physics of sound

How hearing functions in the ear

Vestibular perception allows humans to understand their body's position and movement in space, which is essential for balance. While this sensory information is typically processed without conscious awareness, its significance becomes evident during experiences like motion sickness or dizziness, which can arise from issues such as inner ear infections.

Vestibular perception

The vestibular system, with its major sensory organs in the inner ear (utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals), is crucial for maintaining balance. Beyond this, it also gathers essential information for controlling movement and triggering reflexes that adjust body parts in response to changes in position.

Vestibular system

Auditory signals 

Infants have diverse hearing capbilities in early life. If that hearing ability isn't used, for example if they have damage or deformity in their ears, their ability to distinguish or interpret sounds disappears. 

Musicians show higher sensitivity and activation to musical notes, with bigger differences in brain imaging if the musician was trained from an early age.

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