Ingestion of moderate amounts of the microorganisms in psychobiotics can assist in the production of neuroactive substances, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate, and may also regulate proteins such as brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), which are important in the regulation of functions and behaviors related to the central nervous system (CNS). Research has suggested that the administration of psychobiotics can be effective in treating depression, stress, and anxiety.