The sympathetic nervous system regulates various physiological responses to prepare the body for stress, including dilating pupils, inhibiting salivation, increasing heart rate, dilating bronchi, inhibiting digestion, stimulating the breakdown of glycogen, stimulating the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline, and inhibiting contraction of the bladder.

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The sympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations. This activation, often called the "fight or flight" response, mobilizes energy and increases alertness to respond to perceived threats.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

A hiker is walking on a trail and suddenly encounters a large bear. Which of the following sets of physiological changes is the most likely immediate response to this stressful situation?

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