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Peak Wavelength Sensitivity of Cone Pigments

The three types of photopigments in retinal cones have distinct peak sensitivities to different wavelengths of light. The pigment in short-wavelength (S) cones, which corresponds to blue perception, is most sensitive at approximately 455 nm. The pigment in medium-wavelength (M) cones (green) peaks at about 535 nm, and the pigment in long-wavelength (L) cones (red) has a peak sensitivity around 580 nm.

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Updated 2026-06-19

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