A country is experiencing a severe recession following a financial crisis that originated in the housing market. Policymakers are debating two options to stimulate the economy: (1) an across-the-board income tax cut for all households, or (2) a program of direct cash payments targeted specifically at the most indebted, lower-income households. Evaluate which of these two policies is likely to be more effective at boosting overall spending in the short term. Justify your answer by explaining how the spending behavior of different household types influences the broader economy during such a crisis.