- How men and women are evaluated throughout diagnostic processes is based on the result of numerous preexisting stereotypical role attributions, which may skew the diagnosis of depressive illnesses. 
- Gender stereotypes may result in disparities in how men and women perceive and express their symptoms, which can also have the effect of resulting in different diagnoses.
- Perhaps the majority of the diagnostic tools are under-recording depression in men. The scales for assessing depressive disorders that are typically used for both men and women are more focused on symptoms that are unique to women than to men.

Macalester College

Artefact theory explains that the differences in results are artificial rather than real. They are the results of multiple disparities in the measurement process.


 Artefact Theory 

Müters, S., Hoebel, J., &amp; Lange, C. (2013, September 30). Diagnosis Depression: Differences in Women and Men. 4(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.25646/3051

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