This study recognizes the prevalence of major depressive disorder in women and uses this to give a deeper perspective on the impacts of Postpartum Depression (PPD). O'Hara recognizes that depression in a maternal figure impacts not only the mother, but the child(ren) and surrounding family. 

O'Hara also addresses a controversy around PPD: while some recognize it as a depression specific to childbirth, others question if it is a coincidence between the onset of major depressive disorder and childbirth. Although this could be the case for some, this review acknowledges that Postpartum Psychosis is specific to infant concern and care. Onset of major depression after childbirth, in general, can be linked to high stress and poor social support. 

Conclusions of the Study

O'Hara, M. W. (2009). Postpartum depression: what we know. Journal of clinical psychology, 65(12), 1258-1269.

Rutgers University

References for Pregnancy & Mental Health

Miller, L. J. (2002). Postpartum depression. Jama, 287(6), 762-765.

Postpartum Depression

Weinstock, M. (2005). The potential influence of maternal stress hormones on development and mental health of the offspring. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 19(4), 296-308.

The Potential Influence of Maternal Stress Hormones on Development & Mental Health of Offspring

Wieczorek, K., Targonskaya, A., & Maslowski, K. (2023). Reproductive hormones and female mental wellbeing. Women, 3(3), 432-444.

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