Concept

Poverty, Disgrace, and the Paradox of Disbelief in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 7, Poem 33)

In Poem 33 of Chapter 7 of the Mokhtar Nameh, Farid al-Din al-Attar addresses the dervish to highlight the ultimate trials of spiritual poverty (faqr). The poem uses irony to describe how the dervish, instead of finding wealth, receives a 'black face' (symbolizing disgrace or public blame, central to the Malamati tradition) and the burden of disbelief (kufr). This highlights the Sufi concept that true poverty involves transcending conventional respectability and conventional notions of belief.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course