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Predictability in Classical Conditioning
A key principle in classical conditioning, demonstrated by Robert Rescorla, is that learning is most effective when the conditioned stimulus (CS) reliably predicts the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). If a CS consistently precedes the UCS, a strong conditioned response will develop. However, if the CS is an inconsistent predictor of the UCS, the association will be weak or may not form at all.
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Ch.6 Learning - Psychology @ OpenStax
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Introduction to Psychology @ OpenStax Course
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OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook
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Rescorla-Wagner Model
Example of Predictability in Conditioning: Consistent vs. Inconsistent Dinner Times
Two researchers are training pigeons to peck a key for a food reward. Researcher A's setup delivers a food pellet every single time a green light flashes. Researcher B's setup also flashes a green light before delivering a food pellet, but it also flashes the green light frequently at other times when no food is delivered. After many trials, which outcome is most likely?
A researcher is conducting two separate experiments to condition a rat to freeze in response to a tone. In Experiment A, the tone is sounded for 5 seconds, and a mild electric shock is delivered immediately after the tone ends. This pairing occurs consistently every time. In Experiment B, the tone is also sounded for 5 seconds, but the shock is delivered randomly—sometimes during the tone, sometimes minutes after, and sometimes not at all. Based on the principles of how associations are formed, what is the most likely outcome?