Prior knowledge on the topic in the text would undermine the effects of titles in terms of free recall, since readers would not need any titles to clarify meanings or understand any knowledge structures

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- readers would be expected to remember more about title-relevant information than non-title-relevant information
- this effect is more prominent when the content is unclear or ambiguous

Selective Effects of thematic titles on memory

Lorch, R. F. (1989). Text-signaling devices and their effects on reading and memory processes. Educational psychology review, 1(3), 209-234.

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