Proactive emotional aggression occurs when an individual utlizes emotional/psychological manipulation to get their way. An example of this would be throwing a temper tantrum to get their way.



Arizona State University

Proactive aggression is typically motivated by a reward contingency. In other words, the individual uses this form of aggression to receive something in return. 

Proactive aggression

Matthys, & Lochman, J. E. (2017). Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood (Second edition.). Wiley Blackwell.


Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood 

Proactive physical aggression occur as a result of using some type of physical force to recive an immediate reward. An example of this would be snatching a peer's snack from their hand.



Proactive: physical aggression 

Proactive verbal aggression is displayed when an individual manipulates another person through the use of language to obtain the desired reward.

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