Proactive physical aggression occur as a result of using some type of physical force to recive an immediate reward. An example of this would be snatching a peer's snack from their hand.



Proactive: physical aggression 

Proactive verbal aggression is displayed when an individual manipulates another person through the use of language to obtain the desired reward.

Proactive: verbal aggression

Proactive emotional aggression occurs when an individual utlizes emotional/psychological manipulation to get their way. An example of this would be throwing a temper tantrum to get their way.



Proactive: emotional aggression

Proactive aggression is typically motivated by a reward contingency. In other words, the individual uses this form of aggression to receive something in return. 

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- What motivates the aggression/anger, the why
- The form of aggressive behavior (intrapersonal or relational)

Distinguishing between Proactive and Reactive Aggression



Matthys, & Lochman, J. E. (2017). Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood (Second edition.). Wiley Blackwell.


Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood 

Proactive aggression

Reactive aggression is an impulsive response to a perceived immediate threat or frustration. An example of this form of aggression would be yelling or hitting another individual that provoked them.



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