Bacteria are single celled, prokaryotic organisms that are capable of living in extreme conditions and have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan. They are either heterotrophic or autotrophic and can be harmless or cause disease (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).

Bacteria

Photosynthesis is the process of using the sun's light as energy and converting it to chemical energy to fix gaseous carbon dioxide and create sugars such as glucose. The first organisms with the capability to photosynthesize stemmed from prokaryotes 3.8 billion years ago. What is required for photosynthesis include a light source, carbon, electron donor, and pigments to harvest energy.

Photosynthesis

Bacteria is a very diverse domain, characterized by their prokaryotic cells and lack of ether linkages, with membranes made of phospholipid bilayers.

Bacteria (domain)

Archaea are single-cellular organisms that do not contain nuclei. Archaea different from bacteria because archaeal membranes and cell walls are structurally different.

Archaea

A prokaryotic cell is a unicellular organism that lacks a defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles. As a result, many catabolic processes occur within the cytosol. 

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Classification of Pathogenic Microorganisms

Types of Cells

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OpenStax Concepts of Biology provides the necessary breadth and depth for core Biology concepts.

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

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All cells share four common characteristics:
- a plasma membrane which separates a cell's internal organelles from the environment
- cytoplasm consisting of a jelly-like fluid that is home to other cellular structures
- DNA, the genetic material of the cell
- ribosomes, which produce proteins 

Commonalities of Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes

A eukaryotic cell has a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound structures called organelles, which have specialized functions. Eukaryotic means "true nucleus" and the word organelle implies "little organ". Organelles have specific cellular functions similar to the way organs have specialized functions. 

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