Ideally, experimental participants are randomly selected from the population of interest.

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Researchers can test cause-and-effect hypotheses by conducting experiments.

Testing Cause-and-Effect Hypotheses

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Random Selection of Experimental Participants

In experiments, participants are randomly assigned to their respective groups.

Random Assignment to Experimental Groups

Sometimes, the researcher and the participants are blind to group membership to prevent their expectations from influencing the results.

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