the redundancy-freeness of a model means that no part of it is unnecessary. This means that none of the semantics that makes up the domain in focus should be unique and essential.

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Each of these attributes are determined by the primary stakeholders of the domain of focus:
- accurate
- complete
- conflict-free
- no redundancy

Attributes of a Validated Conceptual Model

Semantics is the specific aspect of a language's grammar focused on meaning. It involves the process of extracting and deriving meaning from words and their smallest meaningful units, known as morphemes.

Semantics

Shanks, G., Tansley, E., & Weber, R. (2003). Using ontology to validate conceptual models. Communications of the ACM, 46(10), 85-89.

Using ontology to validate conceptual models

The accuracy of a model refers to the correctness of the way it represents the semantics of the domain in the focus. 

Accuracy of a Validated Conceptual Model

The completeness of a model means it contains all the parts needed to be whole. Parts of a conceptual model refer to the semantics apartof the domain in focus.

Completeness of a Validated Conceptual Model

The Conflict-Freeness of a model means that no part of it conflicts with another part. This means that none of the semantics that makes up the domain in focus should contradict one another. 

Conflict-Freeness of a Validated Conceptual Model

Redundancy-Freeness of a Validated Conceptual Model

Those with damage to Wernicke's area (in the temporal lobe), speak fluently and are grammatically correct, but their sentences have nonsensical meaning - problems with the semantics of their speech.

Wernicke's Aphasia

A textual unit that is composed of one or more words, parsed together and following some syntactical rules.

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