Disciplinary Research

Legal Research

Historical Research

Scientific Research

Research References

Research Methods

Research Philosophy

Research Center

Empirical Research Report

Reference: What Should I Learn First: Introducing LectureBank for NLP Education and Prerequisite Chain Learning

Reference: R-VGAE: Relational-variational Graph Autoencoder for Unsupervised Prerequisite Chain Learning

Reference: ojs.aaai.org

Reference: Prerequisite Relation Learning for Concepts in MOOCs

Reference: Course Prerequisite Relation (MOOC prerequisite dataset release page)

Reference: MOOCCube: A Large-scale Data Repository for NLP Applications in MOOCs

Reference: QASC: A Dataset for Question Answering via Sentence Composition

Reference: QASC: A Dataset for Question Answering via Sentence Composition (arXiv preprint)

Reference: ColBERTv2: Effective and Efficient Retrieval via Lightweight Late Interaction

Reference: ColBERT: Efficient and Effective Passage Search via Contextualized Late Interaction over BERT

Reference: arxiv.org

Reference: arxiv.org

Reference: Introduction to Information Retrieval

Reference: Evaluation measures (information retrieval)

Reference: REPLUG: Retrieval-Augmented Black-Box Language Models

Reference: arxiv.org

Reference: HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering

Reference: HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering (arXiv preprint)

Reference: HotpotQA Official Dataset and Leaderboard

Reference: Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering

Reference: Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering (arXiv preprint)

LectureBank Dataset

MOOC-CS Prerequisite Benchmark

QASC Question Answering Benchmark

Late-Interaction Neural Retrieval

Recall@k Retrieval Metric

RePlug Retrieval-Augmented Black-Box Language Model

HotpotQA Multi-Hop QA Benchmark

Single-Vector Dense Passage Retrieval

Reference: Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks

Reference: How Significant Are the Real Performance Gains? An Unbiased Evaluation Framework for GraphRAG

Reference: arxiv.org

Unbiased GraphRAG Evaluation Framework (Zeng et al., 2025)

Reference: RAG vs. GraphRAG: A Systematic Evaluation and Key Insights

Reference: arxiv.org

RAG vs Graph-RAG Controlled Comparison (Han et al., 2025)

Reference: Controlled Retrieval-augmented Context Evaluation for Long-form RAG

Reference: Controlled Retrieval-augmented Context Evaluation for Long-form RAG (ACL Anthology)

CRUX Controlled RAG Context Evaluation (Ju et al., 2025)

Reference: Anytime Heuristic Search

Reference: The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine

Reference: Topic-Sensitive PageRank

Reference: Scaling Personalized Web Search

Reference: Local Graph Partitioning using PageRank Vectors

Reference: Monitoring and control of anytime algorithms: A dynamic programming approach

Reference: Monitoring and Control of Anytime Algorithms

Reference: jair.org

Reference: Topic-Sensitive PageRank: A Context-Sensitive Ranking Algorithm for Web Search

Reference: dl.acm.org

Reference: ieeexplore.ieee.org

Reference: Monitoring and Control of Anytime Algorithms: A Dynamic Programming Approach

Anytime Algorithms

Reference: The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine

Reference: Recovering Concept Prerequisite Relations from University Course Dependencies

Reference: Measuring Prerequisite Relations Among Concepts

Reference: Inferring Concept Prerequisite Relations from Online Educational Resources

Reference: Inferring Concept Prerequisite Relations from Online Educational Resources (arXiv preprint)

Reference: PREREQ-IAAI-19 (official code release)

Reference: Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks for Concept Prerequisite Relation Learning in Educational Data

Reference: aclanthology.org 2021.naacl-main.164

Pan et al. (2017) Prerequisite Relation Learning for Concepts in MOOCs

Reference: LLMLingua: Compressing Prompts for Accelerated Inference of Large Language Models

Reference: LongLLMLingua: Accelerating and Enhancing LLMs in Long Context Scenarios via Prompt Compression

Reference: Packing the Meeting Summarization Knapsack

Reference: Resources for Brewing BEIR: Reproducible Reference Models and Statistical Analyses

Reference: Show Your Work: Improved Reporting of Experimental Results

Reference: We Need to Talk about Standard Splits

Reference: The Benchmark Lottery

Reference: Data Statements for Natural Language Processing: Toward Mitigating System Bias and Enabling Better Science

Reference: Datasheets for Datasets

Reference: Model Cards for Model Reporting

Reference: MiniLM: Deep Self-Attention Distillation for Task-Agnostic Compression of Pre-Trained Transformers

Reference: Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks

Reference: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2 (Model Card)

Reference: arxiv.org abs/2002.10957

MiniLM Deep Self-Attention Distillation (Wang et al., 2020)

Reference: arxiv.org abs/1908.10084

Sentence-BERT Siamese Sentence Embedding Framework (Reimers & Gurevych, 2019)

Reference: From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarization

Reference: arxiv.org abs/2404.16130

Reference: LightRAG: Simple and Fast Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Reference: arxiv.org abs/2410.05779

Reference: KAG: Boosting LLMs in Professional Domains via Knowledge Augmented Generation

Reference: OpenSPG/KAG GitHub Repository

Reference: arxiv.org abs/2409.13731

KAG: Knowledge Augmented Generation Framework (Liang et al., 2024)

Reference: GraphRAG (open-source implementation)

GraphRAG Framework (Edge et al., 2024)

LightRAG Graph-Augmented Retrieval Framework (Guo et al., 2024)

Reference: Scaling Personalized Web Search (Stanford InfoLab Technical Report)

Reference: Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife

Reference: An Introduction to the Bootstrap

Reference: Statistical Significance Tests for Machine Translation Evaluation

Reference: projecteuclid.org journals/annals-of-statistics/volume-7

Nonparametric Bootstrap Resampling (Efron, 1979)

Reference: A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure

Reference: Multiple Hypothesis Testing

Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER)

Reference: Introduction to Information Retrieval, Chapter 8: Evaluation in information retrieval

Reference: dl.acm.org doi/10.1145/3626772.3657862

Reproducible IR Benchmarking and Evaluation-Variance Control

Reference: Improving Reproducibility in Machine Learning Research (A Report from the NeurIPS 2019 Reproducibility Program)

Reference: aclanthology.org q18-1041

Auditable-Artifact Reporting Standards: Data Statements, Datasheets, Model Cards, Reproducibility Checklists

Research Paper: Advanced Prompting

Reference: Advanced Prompting

Reference: Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables

Reference: Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, 2nd Edition

Reference: Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion

Reference: Assessing the Effect of an Influenza Vaccine in an Encouragement Design

Reference: Causal Inference, Path Analysis, and Recursive Structural Equations Models

Reference: academic.oup.com biostatistics/article-abstract/1

Reference: A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity

Reference: Some Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimators with Improved Finite Sample Properties

Reference: Using Heteroscedasticity Consistent Standard Errors in the Linear Regression Model

Reference: Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects

Reference: Accounting for No-Shows in Experimental Evaluation Designs

Reference: journals.sagepub.com doi/10.1177/0193841x8400800205

Reference: Authorship Attribution

Reference: Explanation in Computational Stylometry

Reference: dl.acm.org doi/10.1561/1500000005

Stylometric Analysis

Reference: MTLD, vocd-D, and HD-D: A validation study of sophisticated approaches to lexical diversity assessment

Reference: Certain Language Skills in Children: Their Development and Interrelationships

Reference: Studies in Language Behavior: I. A Program of Research

Reference: link.springer.com article/10.3758/brm.42.2.381

Reference: A Vector Space Model for Automatic Indexing

Reference: Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval

Reference: Introduction to Information Retrieval, Chapter 6: Scoring, term weighting and the vector space model

Reference: dl.acm.org doi/10.1145/361219.361220

Vector Space Model (Information Retrieval)

Reference: ROUGE: A Package for Automatic Evaluation of Summaries

ROUGE-L Metric

Reference: The Distribution of the Flora in the Alpine Zone

Reference: Introduction to Information Retrieval (Chapter 3: Tolerant retrieval; k-gram indexes and Jaccard coefficient)

Reference: On the resemblance and containment of documents

Reference: nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1912.tb05611.x

Jaccard Similarity Coefficient

Reference: An Empirical Investigation of Statistical Significance in NLP

Reference: Multiple Comparisons Among Means

Reference: Multiple Comparison Procedures

Reference: onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi/book/10.1002

Family-Wise Error Rate in Multiple Hypothesis Testing

Reference: Introduction to Algorithms, Third Edition — Chapter 22.2: Breadth-first search

Reference: The shortest path through a maze

Breadth-First Search (BFS) on Graphs

Reference: MOOCCubeX: A Large Knowledge-centered Repository for Adaptive Learning in MOOCs

Reference: THU-KEG/MOOCCubeX (official code and data release)

Reference: dl.acm.org doi/10.1145/3459637.3482010

MOOCCubeX Large-Scale MOOC Concept-Graph Resource (Yu et al., 2021)

Auditable Strict-Parity Evaluation of Prerequisite-Graph Retrieval for RAG under Leakage Controls

Reference: Auditable Strict-Parity Evaluation of Prerequisite-Graph Retrieval for RAG under Leakage Controls

Reference: Controlled Retrieval-augmented Context Evaluation for Long-form RAG

Reference: arxiv.org abs/2506.20051

CRUX: Controlled Retrieval-Augmented Context Evaluation for Long-Form RAG (Ju et al., 2025)

Reference: Using Anytime Algorithms in Intelligent Systems

Reference: LLMLingua: Compressing Prompts for Accelerated Inference of Large Language Models

Reference: List-aware Reranking-Truncation Joint Model for Search and Retrieval-augmented Generation

Reference: A comparison of statistical significance tests for information retrieval evaluation

Reference: dl.acm.org doi/10.1145/1321440.1321528

Paired Bootstrap Significance Testing and Confidence Intervals for Retrieval Evaluation (Smucker, Allan, and Carterette, 2007)

Experiment (Psychological Research)