- ‘It’s something I have never seen’: How the Covid-19 virus hijacks cells

STAT Articles for COVID-19 Virology

- Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development

PNAS Articles for COVID-19 Virology

- Sequence Analysis and Structure Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Accessory
Proteins 9b and ORF14: Evolutionary Analysis Indicates Close
Relatedness to Bat Coronavirus

ChemRxiv Papers for COVID-19 Virology

- Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, www.mayoclinic.org/.

Mayo Clinic Papers/Articles for COVID-19 Virology

- Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Papers for COVID-19 Virology

- Lack of Reinfection in Rhesus Macaques Infected with SARS-CoV-2
- Aerodynamic Characteristics and RNA Concentration of SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol in Wuhan Hospitals during COVID-19 Outbreak
- Comparative genomic analysis revealed specific mutation pattern between human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Bat-SARSr-CoV RaTG13
- Comparative analyses of SAR-CoV2 genomes from different geographical locations and other coronavirus family genomes reveals unique features potentially consequential to host-virus interaction and pathogenesis
- Virus-Receptor Interactions of Glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Human ACE2 Receptor
- A mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 model for the evaluation of COVID-19 medical countermeasures

bioRxiv Papers for COVID-19 Virology

- bioRxiv
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- ChemRxiv
- Mayo Clinic
- PNAS
- STAT
- CSH


Michigan State University

Boston University

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

University of California, Davis

Ohio State University, Columbus

Smith College

The virology of COVID-19: How viruses infect host cells in the body

Virology of COVID-19

- Animal Studies on SARS-CoV-2 Virology
- Antigen Detection
- Classification
- Evolution and Mutations
- Methods of Host Cell Infection and Exploitation
- Stability in different environmental conditions
- Structure
- Vaccine Candidates, Immunogenicity, and Adaptive Immunity
- Reinfection

Focuses of Virology of COVID-19

Image of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

References for virology of COVID-19 by organization

- Apoptosis
- BioRxiv
- BMC
- Cell
- Cell Host & Microbe
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- ClinicalKey
- Current Biology
- Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
- Elsevier
- Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Eurosurveillance Journal
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Genomics-Elsevier
- Genomics & Informatics
- JAMA Cardiology
- JAMA Network
- Journal of Immunology
- Journal of Molecular Biology
- Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
- Journal of Medical Virology
- Journal of Nutrition
- Journal of Translational Medicine
- Journal of Virology-American Society for Microbiology
- PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics
- Nature
- The CRISPR Journal
- The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)
- The Lancet
- medRxiv
- New Microbes and New Infections
- NIH
- Science
- Science China Life Sciences
- Science Direct
- US National Library of Medicine 
- Virology
- Virologica Sinica
- MedicalXpress
- Viruses
- Zoological Research

References for virology of COVID-19 by journal

COVID-19 Attack + Immune System Defense Visual

Reference Genome of SARS-cOV-2

The virus has: 

- A diameter ranging from 60 to 140 nm
- An envelope with protein spikes
- A single-stranded positive sense RNA genome (that is ∼30,000 nucleotides in length) which encodes 27 proteins including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). RdRP acts in conjunction with nonstructural proteins to maintain genome fidelity.
- Four structural proteins: spike surface glycoprotein (S), small envelope protein (E), matrix protein (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N). *The S gene codes for the receptor-binding spike protein that enables the virus to infect cells. This spike
protein mediates receptor binding and membrane fusion, which determines host tropism and transmission capabilities.


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