- Animal Studies on SARS-CoV-2 Virology
- Antigen Detection
- Classification
- Evolution and Mutations
- Methods of Host Cell Infection and Exploitation
- Stability in different environmental conditions
- Structure
- Vaccine Candidates, Immunogenicity, and Adaptive Immunity
- Reinfection

Focuses of Virology of COVID-19

Image of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

- bioRxiv
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- ChemRxiv
- Mayo Clinic
- PNAS
- STAT
- CSH


References for virology of COVID-19 by organization

- Apoptosis
- BioRxiv
- BMC
- Cell
- Cell Host & Microbe
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- ClinicalKey
- Current Biology
- Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
- Elsevier
- Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Eurosurveillance Journal
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Genomics-Elsevier
- Genomics & Informatics
- JAMA Cardiology
- JAMA Network
- Journal of Immunology
- Journal of Molecular Biology
- Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
- Journal of Medical Virology
- Journal of Nutrition
- Journal of Translational Medicine
- Journal of Virology-American Society for Microbiology
- PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics
- Nature
- The CRISPR Journal
- The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)
- The Lancet
- medRxiv
- New Microbes and New Infections
- NIH
- Science
- Science China Life Sciences
- Science Direct
- US National Library of Medicine 
- Virology
- Virologica Sinica
- MedicalXpress
- Viruses
- Zoological Research

References for virology of COVID-19 by journal

COVID-19 Attack + Immune System Defense Visual

Reference Genome of SARS-cOV-2

The virus has: 

- A diameter ranging from 60 to 140 nm
- An envelope with protein spikes
- A single-stranded positive sense RNA genome (that is ∼30,000 nucleotides in length) which encodes 27 proteins including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). RdRP acts in conjunction with nonstructural proteins to maintain genome fidelity.
- Four structural proteins: spike surface glycoprotein (S), small envelope protein (E), matrix protein (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N). *The S gene codes for the receptor-binding spike protein that enables the virus to infect cells. This spike
protein mediates receptor binding and membrane fusion, which determines host tropism and transmission capabilities.


Biological Properties of SARS-CoV-2

The virology of COVID-19: How viruses infect host cells in the body

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Michigan State University

The study of viruses and virus like agents. It deals heavily in their structure, classification, evolution, method of infection, effects of infection and how to cure or treat the infections.

Virology

COVID-19 refers to the newly discovered infectious disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. This new virus and disease were first discovered during the outbreak in Wuhan, China, that reportedly began in December 2019. Before this discovery of the new virus, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission announced that patients were sick with 'viral pneumonia' from an unknown cause.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

This system classifies viruses into families based on their genome type (DNA, RNA, single-stranded (ss), double-stranded (ds), etc.) and method of replication.
Viruses in each category behave similarly.
1. dsDNA viruses (e.g. Adenoviruses, Herpesviruses, Poxviruses)
2. ssDNA viruses (+ strand or "sense") DNA (e.g. Parvoviruses)
3. dsRNA viruses (e.g. Reoviruses)
4. (+)ssRNA viruses (+ strand or sense) RNA (e.g. Coronaviruses, Picornaviruses, Togaviruses)
5. (−)ssRNA viruses (− strand or antisense) RNA (e.g. Orthomyxoviruses, Rhabdoviruses)
6. ssRNA-RT viruses (+ strand or sense) RNA with DNA intermediate in life-cycle (e.g. Retroviruses)
7. dsDNA-RT viruses DNA with RNA intermediate in life-cycle (e.g. Hepadnaviruses)

Baltimore classification of viruses

Virology of COVID-19

Focuses of Virology

References for virology by journal

1. [MODULE 1: From Bench to Bedside, Section: 'GRAPHIC SUMMARY' (as of March 19, 2020)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gjUuqTLi7xqMVzgWeYAFulmaIiKzhYY89PVOJJVvlNo/edit#heading=h.gtn0tdsnrc43)
2. [MEDICAL STUDENT COVID-19 CURRICULUM](https://docs.google.com/document/d/13JfRRw1GEIKz4JCde8WcQBCHnu-7nn11P_z0dHov1eA/preview)


COVID-19 Graphical Summary

An unprecedented amount of knowledge has been generated in the past two months in the form of journal papers, blog posts, and other forms.
Journal reviewers have significantly expedited the review process, e.g., the New England Journal of Medicine posted a COVID-19 paper within 48 hours of submission. Many researchers disseminate their papers in the form of preprints or posts on the new Wu-han Clan Slack channel before journal publication.

Multidisciplinary Collaborative COVID-19 Research

Biomedical engineering tools, problems and solutions related to COVID-19

Biomedical engineering for COVID-19

The use and testing of drugs and medicine to treat COVID-19

Pharmacology in COVID-19

Health authorities in China contacted the World Health Organization (WHO) that there was a cluster of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause in Wuhan, Hubei. By January 30th, the WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). At the time there were 7,818 cases confirmed globally, affecting 19 countries in five WHO regions.

Epidemiology of COVID-19

- Time-consuming to self-judge many rapidly released papers
- Difficult to efficiently inform the research community about inappropriate results/findings
- Repetition and contradiction
- Cognitive overload and determining the novelty of a new study
- Published papers are static and don't get updated dynamically
- Difficult for multidisciplinary research collaboration 
- The increased role of preprint servers in COVID-19 research
- Marketing and subscription fees of journals
- Personal ambitions and carrier incentives
- Even the papers published journals are not completely flawless when the time is the essence.
- Difficulty informing the public


Current Barriers Related to COVID-19 Collaborative Research

How human functions and mechanisms play a role in transmitting and fighting against COVID-19

Human physiology of COVID-19

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). The outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared the pandemic on March 11th

COVID-19 pandemic

- Focuses of Effects of Human Nutrition in Fighting COVID-19
- References for Effects of Human Nutrition in Fighting COVID-19 by Journal/Source

Effects of Human Nutrition in Fighting COVID-19

"Long Covid", or "Long-Haul Covid", is a term that describes the experience of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with long-term and persistent symptomology.

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