The relapse prevention model proposes that there are two types of factors that contribute to episodes of relapse. The two types are:

- Immediate determinants
- Covert antecedents

Factors that Contribute to Relapse

As the relapse prevention model discusses, many individuals recovering from addiction return to their behavior at some point during/after treatment. Researchers have begun to look at this idea of relapse and relapse prevention from a neuroscience perspective. This perspective could help further the understanding of why, on a brain level, individuals relapse and how we could possibly help. There is not a large consensus yet, but the research is looking at many factors including pathways, styles, and stages of recovery, as well as the possibility of reversing or diminishing the brain dysregulation that results from addiction.

Neuroscience approach to relapse and relapse prevention

There are multiple intervention strategies included in the Relapse Prevention model that are designed to help a person through the steps of relapse. These strategies fall into 2 categories:

- Specific intervention strategies, designed to focus on the immediate determinants of relapse
- Global lifestyle self-control strategies, designed to target the covert antecedents of relapse

Relapse Prevention Intervention Strategies

The relapse prevention model assumes the belief that it is normal for individuals who are recovering from an addiction to return to their old behavior at some point after treatment. Clients are encouraged to view a relapse as an opportunity to learn better coping skills. 

Villanova University

The therapeutic model of addictions counseling applies mental health couseling approaches to the specific problem of addiction. There are two main approaches used in the therapeutic model:

- Motivational interviewing
- Relapse prevention

Therapeutic Model of Addictions Counseling

Relapse refers to the return to substance abuse after a period of improvement or abstinence. It is a common aspect of the recovery process, with research indicating that approximately 40% to 60% of individuals experience a relapse.

Relapse

A lapse happens when a person briefly returns to substance use during a period of abstinence or reduced use, which is soon followed by a clear return to the person's original commitment to abstinence or reduced use.

Lapse

Kottler, J.A., & Shepard, D.S. (2015). Introduction to counseling: Voices from the field (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Introduction to Counseling: Voices from the Field

Motivational interviewing is a client-centered counseling approach that guides individuals in making changes by helping them to find intrinsic motivation. In motivational interviewing, the counselor believes that the client cannot be pushed to change and they must take responsibility and initiative on their own when they are ready.

Motivational Interviewing

Relapse Prevention Model

An individual has successfully abstained from a substance for several months after completing a treatment program. Following a period of high personal stress, they use the substance on a single occasion. Which statement provides the most accurate analysis of this event, based on the understanding of addiction as a chronic condition?

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