Prior work relevant to predicting final exam scores from course activities falls into two strands. Peer-assessment systems include PRAISE, which supports criteria-based evaluation of programming solutions; PeerWise, in which students create multiple-choice questions for peers to answer; PeerScholar; and Workshop. Earlier student-performance prediction studies often focused on computer science or computer-literacy courses and examined predictors such as current GPA, SAT score, age, mathematics skills, and homework scores.