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Relationship Between Statistical Power and Relationship Strength
Statistical power is heavily dependent on the expected relationship strength (effect size). Weaker relationships are harder to detect and thus provide lower statistical power for a given sample size. To compensate and achieve adequate power when investigating a weak relationship, researchers must utilize very large sample sizes.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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Which of the following best defines the statistical power of a research design?
A researcher designs a study with a statistical power of .80. This means there is a 20% probability that the study will fail to detect a real effect that actually exists in the population.
A researcher is refining their study design to improve the probability of detecting a real relationship between variables. Match each design decision with its specific impact on the study's statistical power.
A researcher is designing a study to examine how social media use affects attention span. Arrange these four study configurations in order from the lowest statistical power (at the top) to the highest statistical power (at the bottom) by analyzing how their parameters influence the probability of detecting a real relationship.
A researcher is developing a study to detect a subtle relationship between sleep duration and cognitive performance (). With a fixed budget that limits the sample size to participants, which of the following research plans correctly synthesizes the necessary design elements to maximize statistical power?
Example of Sample Size Requirements for High Statistical Power
Assuming a real effect exists in the population, arrange the following study designs in order based on their probability of failing to detect that effect (Type II error), from the highest risk of error (at the top) to the lowest risk of error (at the bottom).
A researcher is evaluating two proposed study designs for a clinical trial. Design A has a reported statistical power of , while Design B is estimated to have a probability of failing to detect a real effect that exists in the population. To ensure the highest probability of correctly identifying a relationship, the researcher should select the design with a power of _____.
Match each term related to statistical power with its correct description.
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When researchers expect to investigate a weak relationship (a small effect size), what must they typically do to achieve adequate statistical power?
A researcher who expects to find only a small effect size in a study can compensate for the difficulty of detecting that weak relationship by increasing the sample size, thereby raising the study's statistical power.
A research team is planning several studies. Match each research goal with the sampling strategy required to maintain high statistical power (0.80 or above).
A researcher is planning three separate studies and wants to ensure each has a statistical power of .80. Arrange these studies in order from the one requiring the LARGEST sample size to the one requiring the SMALLEST sample size based on the expected strength of the relationship.
In psychological research, for a given sample size, a study investigating a weak relationship will provide higher statistical power than a study investigating a strong relationship.
A researcher evaluates a study that failed to find a significant result for a known weak relationship. The researcher concludes that the findings are inconclusive rather than evidence of 'no effect' because, given the small sample size, the study's _____ was too low to detect such a subtle relationship.
A researcher is planning three separate studies on different psychological phenomena. Match each study's expected relationship strength to the sampling requirement needed to maintain adequate statistical power.
Dr. Sarah wants to design a study to detect a newly proposed psychological effect that is expected to have a very weak relationship strength. Based on the principles of statistical power, what practical sampling decision should Dr. Sarah make to ensure adequate power for this study?
A research team analyzes their study's design and realizes that their expected effect size is weaker than initially assumed, resulting in inadequate statistical power. To analyze and correct this design flaw before data collection begins, the team must increase their planned _____.
A funding agency is evaluating three research proposals that all plan to use the same sample size (). To evaluate which study is most likely to detect an effect, arrange the proposals in order from the one expected to have the HIGHEST statistical power to the one expected to have the LOWEST statistical power.