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Renunciation of Self-Will (Ikhtiyar) in Ghijduvani's Doctrine of Pure Servitude
In this anecdote from Jami's Baharestan, a dervish claims that, if given the choice, he would prefer Hell to Paradise, reasoning that Paradise merely gratifies the self (nafs) whereas Hell fulfills God's will. Khwaja Abd al-Khaliq Ghijduvani rejects this pious-seeming preference: a true servant (banda) has no business exercising personal choice (ikhtiyar) at all. Even electing Hell for God's sake still asserts the self's will and so remains a subtle form of self-assertion. Perfect servitude means total surrender — as the closing verse puts it, wherever the Master says go we go, and wherever He says stay we stay — so that the Master's choice, not the servant's, governs every act. The passage thus distinguishes genuine self-effacement from a disguised assertion of the will masquerading as devotion.
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course